A German submarine torpedoed the passenger ferry Sussex without warning as it crossed the English channel on 24 March 1916, a week before the second unrestricted campaign against British shipping was to begin. Fifty civilians were killed, including a number of U. S. citizens. It prompted an ultimatum from President Wilson, demanding an immediate halt to unrestricted attacks. Germany complied, ordering all U-boats in British waters to spare passenger ships. Gallery label for Doomed Youth The Poetry and the Pity of World War I (Yale Center for British Art, 1999-06-22 - 1999-09-26)